Eldridge Street Synagogue

In a recent design inspiration trip to New York City, a last minute tour became the true highlight. As always, the trip included many hours walking the NYC streets, studying facades and building details, meandering through the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and if I’m being honest, eating bagels. The agenda also included the Tenement Museum where you can select from various behind-the-scenes tours to better understand tenement and immigrant life in the 1800 and 1900s. As a descendant of Sicilian immigrants (this is Judy talking) who arrived and settled in NY, I have long been intrigued with the hardships, courage, and work ethic of my grandparents and others who left everything in search of a better life. It was there when the Eldridge Street Synagogue, a landmark synagogue from 1887 and just a few blocks away, was suggested as a follow-up tour.

The docent shared that the Eldridge Street Synagogue was likely the first house of worship built for Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe in America. It was designed by the Herter Brothers who were also the architects of several nearby tenement buildings (the better ones) and was their first synagogue. The building was embraced and well-used for decades until its members began moving out of the neighborhood; synagogues are located in the same neighborhood so members can walk to worship on the Sabbath. This shift in the neighborhood sadly resulted in the worship space being closed off (a smaller subset still worshipped in the lower level) and it subsequently fell into disrepair. During the 1980s, the Eldridge Street Project formed to stabilize and restore the structure. After 20 years and $20 million, it became a National Historic Landmark and working museum.

Architecturally, the barrel vaulted space is striking, if not surprising, with Moorish detailing, gold and blue hues , stained glass and pendant light fixtures. The construction budget was tight yet the direction from the client was to make it ornate. To that end, no wall was left unadorned including painting the columns to look like marble. The pews were perhaps a result of value engineering as they are from a catalogue and harken to Christian trinity symbolism. No matter, the design moment that solidifies the story for me is the stunning rose window above the ark. It is the only contemporary design element in the space since the original window was destroyed. I am always a fan of the meaningful and graceful juxtaposition of ‘new and old’. As the museum website describes, “A final crowning element was the addition of a monumental stained-glass rose window by artist Kiki Smith and architect Deborah Gans in 2010. This beautiful sacred artwork is the only contemporary element in the main sanctuary. It marks the revitalization of the building in the 21st century, the most recent chapter in a story that is ever evolving.” The poignancy, symbolism and beauty is best described by the designers themselves; click here for a more in-depth explanation.

For something that almost didn’t happen, touring the Museum at Eldridge Street has become a favorite lesson of mine as it tells a story of architecture, historic preservation, immigrants and the power of community.

*****

[Back to neighborhoods ebbing and flowing, while the building was originally located in the heart of the Jewish Lower East Side it is now part of Chinatown. The building exterior was hard to fully absorb because the Chinese New Year parade was simultaneously happening outside which I am not sad about…]

Place Matters: The Architecture of WG Clark

A new addition to our studio bookshelf is Robert McCarters’s new monograph on architect, WG Clark. If you follow us you know what an inspiration Clark (+ Menefee) is to us - thoughtful, rigorously edited designs with pen and ink drawings that make you want to start hand drafting again. The book highlights his work from the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s with a fair amount of projects in Charleston: Middleton Inn, Reid House, Downtown Bus Stop, South Carolina Aquarium, Croffead House, Bedon’s Alley Residence, structures at Mepkin Abbey as well as some unrealized designs.

Beyond the design process and final product, Clark’s view on architecture and its place is truly compelling: “The most important quality of architecture is the way it relates to, signifies, and dignifies a place on earth. This is why most of the architecture we admire, be it the product of individuals or of civilizations, is that which has been built with a sense of allegiance to the land. Architecture is a disturbing art; it destroys places. Construction sites always have the scent of sacrifice, barely masked by the exciting and hopeful smell of building. It is our job to assuage the sacrifice and make building an act of respect for and adoration of the place.”

Distillery Homework

We are nothing but life-long learners and curious creatives. The discovery and research phase of a new project is when we immerse ourselves in the client / industry and where relevant pieces of information are uncovered; we may not know exactly how they will be incorporated in the final project design, if at all, but we collect them none the less as we begin to conceptualize a design. After a period (sometimes short, sometimes long) of researching, studying and marinating with the history, images, precedents collected - the design concept is crafted with memories of these discoveries.

When we began the design phase for Firefly Distillery’s new facility, the first step was to visit their existing distillery and tasting room on Wadmalaw Island, SC to learn their history, better understand their brand, see their process, and well, taste some products. It was important for us to know how Firefly started and where they were going, how they differentiated themselves in the industry and thus what functional spaces and visitor experiences to help create in the architecture.

Original Firefly Tasting Room located in an old horse barn on Wadmalaw Island, SC.

Products on display and for sale inside the Tasting Room.

Becoming experts in Firefly’s brand and business was only the first step. We needed to visit other distilleries with successful brands, products and distillery tours, so the team headed to Kentucky for some serious homework. (There are worse things to have on one’s To-do list.) The goal was to visit several distilleries of varying size and personality to study the visitor experience - this was not to replicate any one of them, rather to understand varying ways to showcase a brand, tell a story and how the built environment supports the experience. We’re not going to lie - a great time was had by all; but more importantly, the research trip provided countless moments to document and reference during the next year of design work.

BUFFALO TRACE

Located in Frankfurt, KY, Buffalo Trace is a National Historic Landmark and heavy hitter with over 20 brands including Van Winkle, Sazarac Rye and Wheatley Vodka. Take aways include their expansive, historic campus, choice of multiple tours and events (including a behind the scenes “hard hat” tour, path of a bourbon barrel tour and a ghost tour), and how their rustic brand is reinforced throughout the grounds in both big and small ways.

Inside of one of the historic rickhouse structures.

Buffalo Trace logo cut into a stormwater grate.

WOODFORD RESERVE

The drive to Woodford Reserve in Versailles, KY was exactly how you wanted it to be, with horses and expanses of blue grass. While this distillery has a rich history as well, we noticed the polish and exactness they incorporated into the visitor experience.

Woodford Reserve’s information counter with backlit bottles.

There was a precise balance between the historic structure, distillery function and visitor experience.

The Woodford Reserve tasting experience was restrained, elegant and on-brand.

COPPER & KINGS

In Louisville, KY our first stop was Copper & Kings, a newer distillery with an industrial aesthetic using shipping containers to greet you, a large courtyard for events and a steel, glass and concrete distillery. Bonus: they play music in the cellar for their barrels while they age. (Related: this blog was written to John Coltrane.)

Shipping container welcome center and gift shop for Copper & Kings.

Large outdoor courtyard with gathering spaces, fire pit and places to project movies.

Barrels age to music at the Copper & Kings’ cellar because “Brandy Rocks!” They post the day’s playlist on their website.

ANGELS ENVY

Another stop in Louisville was Angel’s Envy, a VERY large facility that felt like a cathedral to distilling in the best way possible. It was reverent with grand spaces, a clear focus on education and showcasing the process and finished product.

Angel’s Envy Distillery map

The tallest column we have ever seen.

Our design process is richer because we walked through these spaces, listened to the stories told and became students again. We are ever thankful for the hospitality shown to us and look forward to visiting again.

Rural Studio : Samuel Mockbee and An Architecture of Decency

This book chronicles the genesis and early years of Auburn University’s College of Architecture, Design and Construction’s “Rural Studio”, a design-build architecture studio located off-campus in rural Alabama. The studio educates what founder, Samuel Mockbee, calls “citizen architects” through feet-on-the-ground researching, community immersion, collaborative design and hands-on construction in Hale County’s ‘pockets of poverty.’  What started as a new house per year has grown into chapels, community buildings and structures for much needed economic development.  Paramount lessons beyond design and construction are those in human decency, class and racial differences and how both client and student are equally helping one another.  

“It’s got to be warm, dry and noble.”

Samuel Mockbee

We reach for this book to remind ourselves that good design doesn’t have to come with a large price tag; that listening to and respecting a project’s client, context and culture leads the way to the best design solutions.  It teaches us that architecture isn’t on paper, that the profession can and should serve those who need it most, that function alone isn’t enough, and that humble can also be bold.

“Proceed and be bold.”

Samuel Mockbee

Inspiration from Roma - Elizabeth Unique Hotel

As architects in Charleston, we are students of history successfully meeting modernity and seek out those moments when homage is paid to historic structures with meaningful renovations for current day functions. During a recent visit to Rome, we found ourselves in one such transformation at the Palazzo Pulieri Ginetti - the Elizabeth Unique Hotel. An ancient palazzo, lush and thoughtful interiors by Studio Marincola Architects, art curated by the nearby Russo Art Gallery - it’s a wonder we ever left. The architects, interior designers, artists and craftspeople involved with this hotel design struck the perfect balance of honoring the historic vessel it inhabits while offering an environment that is somehow bold and restrained at the same time; the details were as powerful as the overarching effect. Bravo, we will be learning from this one for a long time.

Entry lobby. Artist: Enrico Benetta

Monumental stair design was perfection: carrara marble, lighted gold handrails with dark wood guards. Sculpture: Enrico Benetta

Manuel Felisi’s collage anchors the stair landing. [If you know the lighting designer / manufacturer for the light fixtures, please let us know.]

Edited entry into the room, neutral colors, arches are introduced with gold accents.

Old meets new: vintage black and white sceneries printed on wall covering adds a nostalgic layer but the execution and composition is quite contemporary.

Probably the best color of blue we have ever seen was introduced on the wall separating the sleeping area from the utilities. You can see the gold accents better here.

Giorgio Tentolini’s wire net artworks. This person is a genius.

“Dandelion” by Enrico Benetta

Sketches from Roma

“Traveling - it leaves you speechless then turns you into a storyteller.” Battuta

Professor Rodriguez did a very comprehensive job teaching our History of Architecture classes at Virginia Tech back in the day, but nothing compares to standing in front of or inside these architectural giants and studying by drawing. Here are some of the rough travel sketches, mostly exploring scale, form and massing, from our recent trip to Rome.

Our favorite view within the Piazza Del Popolo is of the (seamingly) twin churches Santa Maria di Montesano (left, 1662-75) and Santa Maria dei Miracoli (right, 1675-79) with the ancient Egyptian obelisk centered and Via del Corso starting between the churches.

Closer view of the Santa Maria di Montesano in the Piazza del Popolo; not shown is the Italian street performer next to me singing ‘Sweet Dreams’ by the Eurythmics.

There is a church every turn you make in Rome. San Giacomo in Augusta was next to our hotel and after walking past it for days, we finally peeked in…speechless. Decided to draw the floor plan to convey the mass, construction and robustness.

Interior of Santa Sabina on Aventine Hill, one of the seven hills of Rome. This sketch was rushed and does not come close to conveying the scale and reverence of this space. May need to sketch this one again.

This gives you an idea of scale of Santa Sabina, if the door was this big.

The Ponte dei Quattro Capi bridge is from 62 BC.

Historic architecture and fabric was the main focus, but finding Richard Meier’s modern Ara Pacis Museum was a highlight.

S. H. Kress + Company

When we first landed in Charleston, SC one of our favorite buildings we discovered downtown was the S.H. Kress Building on King Street. At the time, (mid-1990s) it was vacant and unloved - like much of King Street, which is hard to imagine now - yet its quality, proudness and Art Deco details shown through. The massing of the building struck us with the depth of what often is a flat facade, materials including yellow brick, terra cotta, and gold accents work together to form a structured ornamentation. As fate would have it, the architectural firm we worked for was hired to do a feasibility study for its adaptive re-use as a Barnes + Noble. (Spoiler alert: it apparently wasn’t feasible.) Being eager, young intern architects, we set out with measuring tapes, graph paper and flashlights, tasked with field measuring and documenting this architectural and cultural gem. There is something equal parts exciting (like when your flashlight illuminates the original ornate plaster work on the ceiling through a gap in the 1980-ish faux ceiling) and creepy (evidence of critters) about walking through a vacant building that reeks of days gone by, especially one so grand.

It was only a short time after that, when in New Orleans, ANOTHER Kress building was discovered. “You mean there is more than one?” How we got this far in life without knowing about this retailer and its commitment to a quality built environment, we will never know. Research mode found what is now one of our beloved books, the National Building Museum’s “America’s 5 & 10 Cent Stores - The Kress Legacy” by Bernice L. Thomas. Now, every time we explore a new city, we look for the Kress Building.

The period between the turn of the century through the 1930s was a prolific time for this new type of American architecture, aligning with a new type of retail - the five-and-ten-cent store - along with the advent of the chain store. There are most certainly systemic negatives to chain stores in general, their encroachment on small/local businesses, the standardizing of America’s towns and as of the last 50 years the uninspired and cookie-cutter designs; this architectural blog focuses on how S.H. Kress invested in and ultimately elevated retail and commercial architecture. Click here for a list of Kress buildings in the US.

“Kress stores are more than pretty designs. They are commitments to a better everyday world, to civic pride, to the bounties of democratic society. The modernist canon has helped make us more cynical. There is much to be gained from taking a few steps back in time and understanding the sophistication as well as the civility of our forebears.” Dr. Richard Longstreth, GWU

Aldo Rossi

One of the first architectural books Rush and I purchased as students was the epic “Aldo Rossi | Architecture 1981-1991” edited by Morris Adjmi. I remember pouring over Rossi’s pen and ink sketches, some washed with watercolor others with pencil or pastels, some very formal others with notes scribbled as if to remember a fleeting design thought. It was a view into his process - very personal, a signature, perhaps a piece of him. The sketches were often collages of floor plans, 3d perspectives and details; evidence of a master designer who understood how each influences and informs the other. His hard line drawings were arranged intuitively and his floor plans had such rigor - they looked simple and obvious. But designers know the path to simplicity is not simple.

As far as Rossi’s overarching architectural statement during this time period, I humbly yield to Morris Adjmi’s words from his opening essay “A New International Style.”

“The idea of a “new International Style” comes from a specific attitude about architectural design as well as from the changes that are reconstituting the world as a global village. It is an architecture that has regional and global components - one that is inseparably universal and inherently specific. Rather than approaching each project as an imposition of some ideal image or utopian solution, Aldo tries to understand the specifics of the site and the cultural spirit of the city and country. This is not to say that his work is without personal identity; rather, the projects share common themes and forms…He uses the city as his palette. Everything is a potential source: high and low, classical and vulgar. The poetry in Aldo’s work comes from his ability to carefully blend these artifacts and experiences into a coherent whole.”

And simply in Rossi’s own words:

“One cannot make architecture without studying the condition of the city.”

In the almost 28 years (is that even possible?) since first laying eyes on these words and images, the design teams I have been a part of endeavored to achieve small examples of this ‘blending’ described: honoring context, learning from history, deciphering the vernacular and creating a new iteration specific to the client, building, moment in time. The book is well-worn, coffee has been spilled on it, pages have been bookmarked, it crinkles when you turn certain pages, but it still remains a beacon of how we see design process and ultimately architecture.